What defences were used during the attack on Pearl Harbour?

defence of both Japan and America:
What defences were used during the attack on Pearl Harbour?
Japan was attacking, they weren't defending.





The US tried to fight back, mostly by firing on the Japanese planes with machine guns; but it wasn't enough.


The US DID eventually send up some planes to attack - but most of them were shot down.





Actually, the best thing the US did wasn't a defense move, it just worked out that way - The US Air craft Carriers weren't in port on the day of the attack. They were the main target that the Japanese had come to attack.





The US anti-submarine measures seem to have been effective - not one of the Japanese mini subs returned from the attack.
What defences were used during the attack on Pearl Harbour?
United States military and political leaders did not believe the Japanese were racially capable of mounting an attack on Pearl Harbor. The British and Germans, maybe, but not the brown-skinned Japanese. That is why the fleet was withdrawn to Pearl Harbor, so it could be held in reserve when the Japanese made their expected attack on other American possessions in Asia, such as the Philippines.





As a result of our racism, we were caught with our pants down. We had, for instance, working radar in Hawaii at the time of the attack. However, because the Japanese could never mount an attack on Pearl Harbor, the incoming Japanese bomber force was mistaken as a small flight of B-17s from California. The harbor was outfitted with torpedeo nets which would have made it much harder for Japanese torpedos to damage anchored ships. However, the torpedeo nets impeded ships in the harbor and so were ordered removed shortly before the Japanese attack.





The ships in the fleet had their own organic anti-aircraft defenses. But, the fleet was at anchor in Pearl Harbor and it was a Sunday, meaning many sailors were off their ships. As a result, it took some time for sailors to man the guns and return fire.





The greatest danger imagined by American military leaders in Pearl Harbor was sabatoge. So to make their planes easier to guard, American commanders grouped them tightly together in nice rows that made it easy for Japanese pilots to bomb and stafe them. Still, a few pilots managed to get in the air and one or two shot down a Japanese aircraft.





For the Japanese, they used two main security measures. First, they sailed by the northern route, which has very choppy seas and is lightly travelled. They also maintained strict radio silence.

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